# TOML (/docs/runtime/toml)

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Related: [Watch Mode](/docs/runtime/watch-mode.md), [Debugging](/docs/runtime/debugger.md), [REPL](/docs/runtime/repl.md), [bunfig.toml](/docs/runtime/bunfig.md), [File Types](/docs/runtime/file-types.md), [Module Resolution](/docs/runtime/module-resolution.md)

In Bun, TOML is a first-class citizen alongside JSON, JSON5, and YAML. You can:

* Parse TOML strings with `Bun.TOML.parse`
* `import` & `require` TOML files as modules at runtime (including hot reloading & watch mode support)
* `import` & `require` TOML files in frontend apps with Bun's bundler

***

## Runtime API [#runtime-api]

### `Bun.TOML.parse()` [#buntomlparse]

Parse a TOML string into a JavaScript object.

```ts
import { TOML } from "bun";
const text = `
name = "my-app"
version = "1.0.0"
debug = true

[database]
host = "localhost"
port = 5432

[features]
tags = ["web", "api"]
`;

const data = TOML.parse(text);
console.log(data);
// {
//   name: "my-app",
//   version: "1.0.0",
//   debug: true,
//   database: { host: "localhost", port: 5432 },
//   features: { tags: ["web", "api"] }
// }
```

#### Supported TOML Features [#supported-toml-features]

Bun's TOML parser implements the full [TOML v1.1.0 specification](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml/releases/tag/1.1.0) and passes the complete official [toml-test](https://github.com/toml-lang/toml-test) conformance suite.

* **Strings**: basic (`"..."`) and literal (`'...'`), including multi-line, with all escapes (`\uHHHH`, `\UHHHHHHHH`, and TOML 1.1's `\xHH` and `\e`)
* **Integers**: decimal, hex (`0x`), octal (`0o`), and binary (`0b`). Integers that cannot be represented losslessly as a JavaScript number — outside ±(2^53 - 1) — throw
* **Floats**: including `inf` and `nan`
* **Booleans**: `true` and `false`
* **Date/times**: offset date-time, local date-time, local date, and local time, returned as strings of their source text
* **Arrays**: including mixed types and nested arrays
* **Tables**: standard (`[table]`) and inline (`{ key = "value" }`), including TOML 1.1 multi-line inline tables
* **Array of tables**: `[[array]]`
* **Dotted keys**: `a.b.c = "value"`
* **Comments**: using `#`

```ts
const data = Bun.TOML.parse(`
# Application config
title = "My App"

[owner]
name = "John Doe"

[database]
enabled = true
ports = [8000, 8001, 8002]
connection_max = 5000

[servers.alpha]
ip = "10.0.0.1"
role = "frontend"

[servers.beta]
ip = "10.0.0.2"
role = "backend"
`);
```

#### Error Handling [#error-handling]

`Bun.TOML.parse()` throws a `SyntaxError` if the TOML is invalid:

```ts
try {
  Bun.TOML.parse("invalid = = =");
} catch (error) {
  console.error("Failed to parse TOML:", error.message);
  // Failed to parse TOML: TOML Parse error: Expected a value but found '='
}
```

### `Bun.TOML.stringify()` [#buntomlstringify]

Serialize a JavaScript object to a TOML document. Scalar keys come first,
followed by `[table]` and `[[array-of-tables]]` sections:

```ts
Bun.TOML.stringify({
  name: "app",
  server: { host: "localhost", port: 8080 },
  points: [{ x: 1 }, { x: 2 }],
});
// name = "app"
//
// [server]
// host = "localhost"
// port = 8080
//
// [[points]]
// x = 1
//
// [[points]]
// x = 2
```

The top-level value must be an object — a TOML document is a table. `Date`
values become TOML offset date-times. Because TOML cannot represent them,
`null` values, `BigInt`, and circular structures throw; `undefined`,
function, and symbol properties are skipped (inside arrays they throw,
since TOML arrays cannot have holes).

***

## Module Import [#module-import]

### ES Modules [#es-modules]

Import TOML files directly as ES modules. Bun parses the TOML and exposes it as both default and named exports:

```toml config.toml
[database]
host = "localhost"
port = 5432
name = "myapp"

[redis]
host = "localhost"
port = 6379

[features]
auth = true
rateLimit = true
analytics = false
```

#### Default Import [#default-import]

```ts app.ts icon="/icons/typescript.svg"
import config from "./config.toml";

console.log(config.database.host); // "localhost"
console.log(config.redis.port); // 6379
```

#### Named Imports [#named-imports]

You can destructure top-level TOML tables as named imports:

```ts app.ts icon="/icons/typescript.svg"
import { database, redis, features } from "./config.toml";

console.log(database.host); // "localhost"
console.log(redis.port); // 6379
console.log(features.auth); // true
```

Or combine both:

```ts app.ts icon="/icons/typescript.svg"
import config, { database, features } from "./config.toml";

// Use the full config object
console.log(config);

// Or use specific parts
if (features.rateLimit) {
  setupRateLimiting(database);
}
```

#### Import Attributes [#import-attributes]

Use an import attribute to load any file as TOML:

```ts app.ts icon="/icons/typescript.svg"
import myConfig from "./my.config" with { type: "toml" };
```

### CommonJS [#commonjs]

You can also `require` TOML files in CommonJS:

```ts app.ts icon="/icons/typescript.svg"
const config = require("./config.toml");
console.log(config.database.name); // "myapp"

// Destructuring also works
const { database, redis } = require("./config.toml");
console.log(database.port); // 5432
```

***

## Hot Reloading with TOML [#hot-reloading-with-toml]

When you run your application with `bun --hot`, Bun detects changes to TOML files and reloads them without restarting:

```toml config.toml
[server]
port = 3000
host = "localhost"

[features]
debug = true
verbose = false
```

```ts server.ts icon="/icons/typescript.svg"
import { server, features } from "./config.toml";

console.log(`Starting server on ${server.host}:${server.port}`);

Bun.serve({
  port: server.port,
  hostname: server.host,
  fetch(req) {
    if (features.verbose) {
      console.log(`${req.method} ${req.url}`);
    }
    return new Response("Hello World");
  },
});
```

Run with hot reloading:

```bash terminal icon="terminal"
bun --hot server.ts
```

***

## Bundler Integration [#bundler-integration]

When you bundle with Bun, the bundler parses imported TOML at build time and includes it as a JavaScript module:

```bash terminal icon="terminal"
bun build app.ts --outdir=dist
```

This means:

* Zero runtime TOML parsing overhead in production
* Smaller bundle sizes
* Tree shaking of unused properties (named imports)

### Dynamic Imports [#dynamic-imports]

You can also dynamically import TOML files:

```ts
const config = await import("./config.toml");
```